LEssentiel - Essential French Phrases

Even if youre just going to France for a week, you should know some survival French - a few essential words and phrases that youll use over and over. This is a somewhat miscellaneous list of the basics, so be sure to follow the links at the end for even more essential French like hello and please.Je parle (un peu de) franà §ais  Ã‚  Ã‚  I speak (a little) French.Parlez-vous anglais ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you speak English?Comment ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  What?Je ne comprends pas.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont understand.Que veut dire ___ ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  What does ___ mean?Rà ©pà ©tez, sil vous plaà ®t.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Repeat, please.Plus lentement  Ã‚  Ã‚  More slowlyEncore une fois  Ã‚  Ã‚  One more timeComment dit-on ___ en franà §ais  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  How do you say ___ in French?Je ne sais pas  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont knowJai une question  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have a questionJai un problà ¨me  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have a problemoui  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  yesnon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  nosi  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  yes (in reponse to a negative question)daccor d  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OKet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  andou  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  orqui  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  whoquoi  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  what*quand  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  whenoà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  wherepourquoi  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  whycomment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  how*Be careful, there are several ways to say what in French. Practice Essential French Vocabulary Essential French quizCrossword puzzleWord seek More essential French 100 essential French wordsEssential French gesturesEssential French grammarEssential French phrasesEssential French verbsEssential French for travelersHow to say ___ in French For more in-depth study, check out French for Beginners.

Satan Is Evil Or Evil - 1330 Words

When hearing the word â€Å"Satan†, people often think of a red man with horns, a pitchfork, and a tail; he is often visualized in the pits of the underworld surrounded by flames. Why does society picture him this way? Some may say â€Å"Because he is evil† or â€Å"Because he fell from heaven†, but people mostly believe this because this is what they were taught. Satan is a figure appearing in many texts of religion as someone who brings evil and temptation. He is known as the deceiver who leads humanity astray, like he deceived Eve into eating the forbidden fruit. Some religious groups teach that he originated as an angel, or something like an angel, who used to possess great piety and beauty, but fell because of pride. He seduced humanity into the†¦show more content†¦Lucifer s name was changed to Satan, and his angels are known as demons. Throughout Milton’s Paradise Lost, Satan is shown in a different perspective. Satan is in hell, reminiscing of the days in heaven. He is formulating a new way to redeem himself, but also is accepting his fate. He accepts that he has done wrong by God, but he also accepts that he has wronged himself. Satan’s revolution caused him to lose the luxury of heaven. Milton seems to pity Satan in Paradise Lost, saying such quotes as, â€Å"1:254-255 The mind is its own place, and in itself // Can make a heav’n of hell, a hell of heav’n.† (Milton, 1. 254-5) Satan seems to accept the consequences for his actions, but knows that the damnation he faces will never compare to what was heaven; heaven is where he experienced true happiness. This is also evident when he first appears in Eden; Satan is jealous of Adam and Eve and envies their lives for living in such a place. Eden reminded Satan of Heaven. Milton introduces it is truly not Satan’s fault for the way he is, but rather Gods. Milton writes, â€Å"The first sort by their own suggestions fell, // Self-tempted, self-depraved: man falls deceived // By the other first: man therefore shall find grace, // The other none.† (Milton 3. 129-132) According to Milton, God created the Angels to have free will; which resulted in the decision for Satan to revolt from God. Had created the angels without freewill, it would have been to change theirShow MoreRelatedParadise Losts Satan and The Grand Inquisitors Evil783 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribes the fallen angel Satan and the fall of man. The Grand Inquisitor by Fyodor Dostoevsky is about an archbishop who talks with Jesus and wants to burn him as a heretic. Paradise Lost and The Grand Inquisitor both discuss free will and the stories of two benevolent characters that use their free will to choose evil. In Paradise Lost and The Grand Inquisitor, the main characters Satan a nd the Grand Inquisitor are evil because they use free will to choose evil over good. Satan and the Grand InquisitorRead MoreJohn Milton: A View of Evil vs. Ignorance Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a person hears Satan, a streak of fear, and the thought of evil arises. People fear Satan, and think of him as evil, but in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, he displays a thought of the Father being the evil being, and Satan a tragic hero. In Paradise Lost, Book 1 and 2, the minor areas where God is shown, He is displayed as hypocritical. He contradicts himself by creating the humans to be of free will, but when Satan displays free will, he is shunned. Satan could be described in many terms, andRead MoreDistinguishing Between Bad and Evil1000 Words   |  4 PagesDistinguishing Between Bad and Evil John Milton’s works Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle all have antagonists that are Milton’s representations of evil. 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The tragic flaws of Satan are too prominent and effectual to call him an epic hero, but rather these flaws, or evil characteristicsRead MoreThe Role of Iago in William Shakespeare’s Othello Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesOthello would not be one without an evil catalyst named Iago. He is a standard-bearer, or an â€Å"ancient† to the tragic hero Othello, who was a Moorish general in a Venetian army. In the play, Iago is the Satanic figure in whatever the word evil connotes. The word â€Å"evil† means that of which is morally bad or wrong, or that which causes harm, pain, or misery (Popkin, par. 1). There are several traits or characteristics that are common to both Iago and Satan. According Professor William Grace

Essay on Acceptance and Diversity free essay sample

Diversity and Acceptance in this Generation In this generation, everyone is about acceptance and diversity. They’re about helping others find cures. They’re about finding diversity in communities and learning about acceptance. We are all of those things, but our parents, well, they’re a different story. It can affect the children of this generation when it comes to their preferences, referring to interracial dating, gays, lesbians, bisexuals, etc. Because there are so many teens out there that are bullied and feel alone because they don’t date the â€Å"ideal† race or sex. Who’s to say we can’t? They try to bring God into the equation. Well, god put us all here didn’t he? Who’s to say that’s part of his plan, for his sons and daughters to find acceptance with each other, in ways not thought possible? Diversity: the condition of having or being composed of differing elements: variety; especially: the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Acceptance and Diversity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We are all diverse. We come in different shapes, sizes, and colors. We should be able to love who loves us back at the same capacity, who cares the most about us, and who can do the most for us, with us being able to do all the same for them. Whether it be the same sex, a different race, someone taller, someone fluffier, etc. With the population growing to such large masses, there is definitely going to be diversity. It should be greatly expected. Unfortunately, people are acting like they’re not prepared. For example, Chik-fil-a, a booming restaurant with great food and a big chain, has said they don’t support gay marriage. By saying that, people can now assume that anyone who eats there has the same opinion. That’s astonishing isn’t it? How one person can state their opinion towards such a strong war and it affects anyone and everyone who eats there. Have these people not heard of hate crimes? What if a person that preferred the same sex decided one day, that they want to shoot everyone in a local chik-fil-a just because they can assume that all those people are against gays? All those people that were just EATING are now victims of a hate crime because some idiot can’t accept others. Acceptance: a persons assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or condition (often a negative or uncomfortable situation) without attempting to change it, protest, or exit. The concept is close in meaning to acquiescence, derived from the Latin acquiescere (to find rest in). I believe that anyone in this world should be able to walk down the street with their loved ones and not have to worry about getting treated differently than everyone else. For example, my boyfriend is mixed and I am white. We wanted to go on date, right? We were going to go on a picnic at a local park. I have never seen my mom more worried. What was she worried about, you may wonder? She was worried someone would see us, no one in-particular, just someone who doesn’t accept our diversity. She was worried they would find a little more anger in the fact we were accepting that we weren’t the same color, but we still can love just as much as two white people or two black people. I think that’s crazy that I can’t go into public with him without my mom worrying about the looks we’ll get or the stares or the whispers. You may wonder, why would I put myself in that position, to be treated like that? My answer; because no matter who you are, what you look like, or the skin god put you in, you still have something in common with everyone else: you’re a human being. You feel love, hate, anger, and sadness. You’re permitted to love and be loved back by whoever god created just for you, whether they be black, white, hispanic, indian, japanese, fat, skinny, tall, short, a brunette or a blonde, boy or girl. To possess the ability to accept anyone for whatever they may be, I believe, is the most power any human being walking on this earth can possess, and with that, you have acceptance of diversity.

The Market Segmentation

Question: How to analyze the market segmentation? Explain. Answer: Introduction The aim of this essay is to understand and analyze the market segmentation, its characteristics. In this paper the target segment is the working women and the product chosen is the LOreal lipstick. This paper also discusses about the marketing mix and how the marketing mix reflects characteristics of the segment and the product chosen. A: Market Segmentation Segmentation splits the different buyers into clusters to make the best utilization of a firms predetermined resources through consumer based marketing. If market segmentation is not done, then it would be difficult to find whom to sell and what to sell (Wedel and Kamakura 2000). Market segmentation means to divide the potential customers into different categories and groups who have similar preferences and purchasing patterns. Whereas Mass marketing means the same product is offered to the entire market (Awan 2014). The focus of the business is on getting better returns by targeting the specific customers by exactly understanding their wants. It is easier and more profitable to build and promote exact and tailored products. The new trend is target selling and to position in the market to create potential customers, and this lead to a generation of new ideas for innovation of new products and services and in turn the companies can increase their profits. Segmenting generates additional prospects for business augmentation. It also enables retaining the customers (Weinstein and Johnson 2016). Market segmentation is a flexible proposition. The following are the market segmentation strategies: Geographic, Demographic, Psychographic and, Behavioral. Marketers need to differentiate segmentation based on varying demographics, lifestyles, values and expectations of women and this paper targets the working women (Alves and Roberts 2012). Segmentation has its limitations if not employed properly. As segmen ts are very small this can lead to a small turnover. Target Segment Woman decision makers contribute to of the consumer base and LOreal lipsticks focus on all age group of women in the corporate/working women. As being presentable at work, amongst friends and peers is very significant and they are the target customers who use the beauty products and Lipstick being one of them (Wu et al. 2015). This segment is the decision maker and also has the purchasing power, brand conscious and belong to the upper middle class and above. LOreal lipsticks market their product based on the demographic segmentation- working women and psychographic segmentation- where it tries to change the thought process of an average looking woman, where she can look even more beautiful by applying the lipstick and enhancing the looks. LOreal reiterates the fact through its endorsements of lipsticks and other beauty products that women are worth it. Working women is the new female consumer, and they account for almost 85% of all the customer purchases which include everything autos to healthcare, consumer durables and other services. As per a study based on a website She-conomy.com, women control over 20$ Trillion in worldwide expenditure. This target segment is well educated, internet savvy, financially independent and always on the go (PreoÃ…Â £iuc-Pietro et al. 2015). There are a lot of key trends which are driving the working women population and their buying patterns and some of the important points which should be considered when making key business decisions when targeting this segment are: women labor force has increased exponentially across the globe. Women also prefer to marry at an older age or even prefer to stay single and also choose to have fewer children. The working class women have a multiplier result as they buy things not only for themselves however also on behalf of the family and friends (Randive 1975). Working women are more aware of the trends in the market and also the source of ideas of innovation of new products and services. Example, a working woman needs to look fresh throughout the day at the office, hence the businesses might come up with products as deodorants, stay on lipsticks, minimal touch makeup products depending on needs generated by this segment. The working class women are those who could be even part time worker, freelancers, entrepreneurs and those who prefer to work from home to better manage and balance child care and the job. They are contributing to the household income and sharing responsibilities. The marketers believe that women are different, however there is a need for a profound understanding of how and why the selected target segment is different. Womens purchasing decisions and behavior are also influenced by the celebrity endorsement and their red carpet looks and the desire to ape them. The impact of social media is also playing an important role in the purchasing behavior of the target segment like the Facebook and Instagram. Companies are also using social media to promote and place their products by asking users to download the shopping to purchase. The customer especially the target segment now has financial freedom unlike the previous generations, are tempted to shop online anytime and anywhere they feel like (Cao, Meister and Klante 2014). The online sales have tempting offers and discounts for different occasions, easy return policies and better customer services which make it easier for working women to shop with a group of friends at a coffee shop, at the workplace during breaks or while they may feel lonely. Retail therapy has become latest alternative to get over relief from the broken relationships or celebrating an event. Marketing Mix Marketing Mix is a simple marketing tool which used is design the marketing strategies. It is the premeditated mix of the controllableessentialsof aproduct'spromotion strategycommonly termed as 4Ps: product,place, andpromotion. The four elements are tuned until therightamalgamation found thatcaterstheneedsof the product'sconsumers while generatingmost favorablereturns (Belz and Peattie 2012). The origin of marketing mix started in the late 1940, and E. Jerome McCarthy was the marketer who first developed the theories of the marketing mix. By 1990 the marketing mix definition became 4Cs. The four Cs differ, however, are based on either Lauterborns concept (consumer, cost, communication, convenience) or Shimizus theory (commodity, cost, communication, and channel). The latest new theory that has been proposed is people, processes, programs, and performance. Consumer satisfaction, value for money and product quality are the central to the success of the company and marketing mix interfu ses these essential elements to come up with the best outcomes, and these four elements are the product, place, price and promotion (Assadi and Hudson 2010). The first P: Product is the goods or services that business offers to its consumers/customers for sale for the target market. Product development and designing should consider the target customer, the quality, packaging, after sales service. There is should extreme clarity on what is being sold and to whom it is being sold. The four Ps of Marketing may appear uncomplicated however they can be tricky too. There is a need for a excellent research and a sound knowledge of the market and the target audience before the merchandise is ready to sell. LOreal is one of the topcosmeticscompany in the world, and it believes that depending upon the womans position in the society or at work, and social mobility, her assumption of beauty and appearance can immensely vary.If a lady can establish a career and must uphold expectations of the societys class and sophistication, there is higher precedence and approval for what the cosmetics business can offer and LOreal Lipsticks targets on this assumpt ion of the working woman. Hence they have come up lipsticks with tags as 9 to 5 for working class launched in different shades and textures such as matte, crme, and shades which suit the office environment, which is travel friendly packing and shades that last all day long like lipstick crayons which can slip into trouser pocket, multiple shades in a small box, twin shades in a single packaging and so many tempting shades to suit to different occasion and target segment is convinced to own each one of it (Bristow, Gulati and Schneider 2013). The second P: Place means the way the product is distributed and delivered to the end customer and the distribution methods adopted. The place may be the where the business is conducted for the product or where the product is manufactured or it can retail stores, malls, online shopping portals like Amazon, EBay, LOreals online shopping portal. It is necessary that the company identifies with the strategy for the positioning. The business needs to make it work, even if it means seeing through the haze of marketers who plan to create confusion up the psyche of customers. The product should be easily available, and it should be on top of the mind of the customer every time they think of the product, and there should be a catchphrase of the brand and product which is simple, intelligent and effortless to recall. Understanding the target segment: working women, thoroughly and the business can discover the most competent positioning and distribution paths that directly converse with the ta rget segment. Some of the points which help devising the distribution strategy are: what are working women looking for in the product and the kind of services they are looking for, example, the demonstration on the usage of the product on delivery, a survey to find the places where the target customer enjoys making her purchase and what are the distribution strategies adopted by the competitors and main differentiator, is there a requirement of a strong sales force, attending trade fairs etc. The third P: Price of the product and the how much is the customer willing to pay and whether the customer has required purchasing power. The following factors should be considered while pricing, the cost of manufacture distribution, promotion expenses and the need to determine whether these costs are variable or fixed to arrive at the genuine price of the product (Sonderegger, 2011). Branding is innately a sensitive part, if a business is new to the market and has not yet made a name for it, is unlikely that the target market is ready to pay the high price. However, LOreal has been very careful regarding pricing of its lipsticks. For the working class, it has designed lipsticks in different categories, for example, if a particular range of matte lipsticks priced at $10, then they have a similar product in a lesser weight in different packaging at $5 as well. LOreal has designed their lipsticks and priced in such a way that each and every customer in the target segment whether the lo w-income working women or the higher income, there is a range of products which are lucrative and appropriately priced for all and none are disappointed. Pricing should also factor in the taxes and the budgets of the customers. The fourth P: Promotion is all about the communicating with the target segment the working women about the all the benefits and values they would gain on purchasing the product. The different methods or promoting a product are direct marketing, sales promotion, advertisement and personal selling to lure and influence the customers. LOreal has chosen celebrity endorsement for lipsticks in different countries like Blake Lively, Eva Longoria, Julianne More, Jennifer Lopez to name few and whom the working class women look up to as role models. There is a need to motivate the target segment constantly for the business promotion and try to put themselves in the shoes of the working woman to find out how they view their products and business. The budget assigned to the marketing mix, the stage of the product cycle and how the promotions can be used are key aspects which can be used to position the product in the target segment. The fundamental aspects which affect the market segmentation ar e the clear recognition of the segment, the measurability of its effective size and ease of access through promotional efforts (Yoo 2016). Marketing mix has been impacted by the internet due to the new era of marketing strategies in e-commerce (Dominici 2009). The 4Ps of the marketing mix, product, price, place and promotions are also applicable offline as well as online businesses. E-commerce brings fresh concerns which the business must need to consider and start being innovative and re-evaluate about the existing marketing mix as the new technology present new products and new placing or distribution options and latest pricing strategies and consumers have the option of comparing with the best price according to his budget. The Segmentation can be done based on the marketing mix of an organization (Richardson, Gosnay and Carroll 2010). Conclusion To conclude that market segmentation and target marketing is extremely vital for higher success and customer satisfaction. In the paper, it has been observed that women drive at least 70% of purchasing either directly purchasing or through influencing. There is an enormous opportunity still to attract to women working class segment with innovative design strategies with the right marketing. The influence from customers side is forever significant and should be respected to calculate potential prospective markets and risks. There are lots surveys, publications available online to understand the market segmentation and strategizing a suitable marketing mix for the target segment (Constantinides 2006). References Alves, A. and Roberts, E. (2012). Rosie the Riveter's Job Market: Advertising for Women Workers in World War II Los Angeles.Labor Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas, 9(3), pp.53-68. Assadi, D. and Hudson, M. (2010). Marketing-Mix of Online Social Lending Websites.Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 8(3), pp.15-25. Awan, M. (2014). International Market Segmentation: Exploring Cell Phone Market of Young Adults.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(2), pp.151-154. Belz, F. and Peattie, K. (2012).Sustainability marketing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Bristow, D., Gulati, R. and Schneider, K. (2013). What Do College Students, Young Families, and Empty Nesters Want in a Car? A Market Segmentation and Marketing Mix Project for Introduction to Marketing Students.Marketing Education Review, 23(1), pp.43-48. Cao, P., Meister, S. and Klante, O. (2014). How Social Media Influence Apparel Purchasing Behavior.Mark Rev St. Gallen, 31(6), pp.77-86. Constantinides, E. (2006). The Marketing Mix Revisited: Towards the 21st Century Marketing.Journal of Marketing Management, 22(3-4), pp.407-438. Dominici, G. (2009). From Marketing Mix to e-Marketing Mix: a literature overview and classification.IJBM, 4(9). PreoÃ…Â £iuc-Pietro, D., Volkova, S., Lampos, V., Bachrach, Y. and Aletras, N. (2015). Studying User Income through Language, Behaviour and Affect in Social Media.PLOS ONE, 10(9), p.e0138717. Randive, V. (1975). Working-Class Women.Social Scientist, 4(4/5), p.146. Richardson, N., Gosnay, R. and Carroll, A. (2010).A quick start guide to social media marketing. London: Kogan Page. SONDEREGGER, S. (2011). MARKET SEGMENTATION WITH NONLINEAR PRICING*.The Journal of Industrial Economics, 59(1), pp.38-62. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W. (2000).Market segmentation. Boston: Kluwer Academic. Weinstein, A. and Johnson, W. (2016). SEGMENTATION AND MARKET STRATEGY: QUALITATIVE INSIGHTS FROM B2B TECHNOLOGY EXECUTIVES.Journal of Marketing and Strategic Management, (10), pp.37-51. Wu, M., Chaney, I., Chen, C., Nguyen, B. and Melewar, T. (2015). Luxury fashion brands.Qualitative Mrkt Res: An Int J, 18(3), pp.298-319. Yoo, C. (2016). Effect of Trade Show Organizers Marketing-mix Strategy and Relation Marketing on Satisfaction and Trust.IJTHR, 30(3), p.185.

Acid Base Titration Lab Essays

Acid Base Titration Lab Essays Acid Base Titration Lab Essay Acid Base Titration Lab Essay The completion of a reaction can be seen by a change in color or when the pH remains constant. The equivalence point during titration is when both solutions are present in equal amounts. The end point of the titration is when the reaction has been completed, which is usually marked by a change in color. One researchable question relating to acid/base titration would be what strengths of acids and bases react with each other during titration, and what kind of solution woo a ten two teen Tort. Strong access Ana strong oases can react, Ana teen Tort a neutral solution. Strong acids and weak bases can react, and they form an acidic elution. Strong bases can also react with weak acids to form a basic solution. Errors Improvements Adding Noah too quickly. Add the Noah one drop at a time until the proper level has been reached. The data was not properly recorded. Keep track of each pH increase for each experiment as opposed to Just initial and spikes. Beret may have been contaminated since multiple classes used the same beret without cleaning it. Clean the beret before and after each period of experimentation in order to avoid contamination.

Technology Global Issues Essay Example

Technology Global Issues Essay Example Technology Global Issues Essay Technology Global Issues Essay Essay Topic: Global Issues Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Technology Global Issues A stem cell is an undeveloped cell that possesses the potential to become specialized into various types of cells throughout the body. Stem cell technology refers to the acquisition and development of undistinguished human cells into any or most of the 220 ranges of cells that occupy the human body. It is a rapidly emergent field that merges the attempts of cell biologists, clinicians and geneticists and provides hope of valuable treatment for various malignant and non-malignant maladies (Panno, 25).Stem cell procedures and processes are usually applied in the provision of treatments for patients with life threatening illnesses such as lymphoma, blood disorders, and solid tumors and leukemia. The stem cell technology has been considerably applied in three main areas. One of the foremost areas to encounter the use of stem cell technology is the Adult Stem Cell Transplant. In this type of transplant, stem cells have been used in bone marrow transplants, whereby the stem cells in a pati ent’s bone marrow are substituted with healthy stem cells from a matching and healthy donor. The transplant becomes successful when the stem cells migrate into the bone marrow of the patient and start producing novel and healthy leukocytes to substitute the abnormal cells. Another area involves the use of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC). Despite a considerable number of blood stem cells residing in the bone marrow, a few of them are also in the bloodstream. Thus, PBSCs can be acquired from blood making it simpler to collect than stem cells in the bone marrow. Stem cells have also been applied in Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplant. Conventionally, umbilical cords have been deemed unnecessary. Presently, blood drawn from the umbilical cord has been utilized in the treatment of similar health defects that require PBSCs and bone marrow stem cells (Panno, 67). Stem cell research also holds future possibilities in treatments. For instance, stem cells can be utilized in the testing of new medicines. For instance, new medications can be tested for safety on differentiate cells produced from cell lines such as cancer cell lines which can be used to test latent anti-tumor medicines. Stem cells can also be used in the generation of tissues and cells, which can be utilized for therapies that are cell based. Presently, donated tissues and organs are usually utilized to substitute destroyed or ailing tissue, but the need for organs and tissues that are transplantable offsets the accessible supply. Stem cells intended for differentiation into particular cell types avail the possibility of a restorable supply of substituting tissues and cells to treat ailments such as spinal cord injury, strokes, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, burns and osteoarthritis. For instance, it would be possible to produce healthy c ells in the heart muscle in the laboratory and subsequently transplant the cells in patients suffering from chronic heart disease. Stem cells can also lead to the treatment of baldness. This is because there are stem cells present in the hair follicles. It is believed that the stem cells in the follicles can help treat baldness by activating the progenitor cells and the stem cells existing in the scalp (Panno, 89). Regardless of the innovative and aiding treatments that arise from use of stem cells, ethical problems encompass the mode of treatment. The ethical problems are partly based on the derivation of the stem cells from the body. Usually, adult stem cells are derived or removed from tissues that possess less harmful effects on the person whereas embryonic stem cells are developed from embryos cultured in the laboratory. One of the ethical problems associate with stem cell treatment is its destruction of a fetus or an embryo. Ethically, this portrays the obliteration of a latent human being and clashes with the moral and religious views held in the society. Another chief and important ethical problem that encompasses the stem cell treatment is the combination of cloning technology and embryonic stem cells. This combination leads to the production of an embryo that is a hereditary double of the nucleus’ donor. The ethical problem is primarily based on the creation of an embryo for th erapeutic or research purposes and not for potential life. Moreover, the purpose of cloning is ethically problematic since it is mainly based on the production of tissues for transplantation while the generated embryo is permitted to continue developing leading to the potential birth of a human (Panno, 156-167). A biologically plausible mechanism portrays the relationship between a supposed cause and a result. The mechanism establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between the biological aspect and a specific disease or an unfavorable event. Generally, it is asserted that for a relationship to be deemed causal, the association between the biological aspect and the disease should be biologically consistent (United States, 21). For surely new advances, however, the biological plausibility may be unclear. Irrespective of this, biological plausibility remains relevant in the establishment of causality. Based on the cause-and-effect relationship, disease is assumed as a result generated from the interaction of the environment, the physical and genetic structure of the individual and the disease agent. Diseases resulting from sole causes are habitually so by definition. For instance, the reality that tuberculosis results from the Tubercle Bacillus is a matter of description. The causal basis of the association requires judgment in the case where there is biological implausibility. For instance, biological plausibility is unclear where smoking is asserted to be a direct cause of lung cancer. Hence, it is important to judge causality of lung cancer. Foremost, the supposed cause, smoking, precedes the disease, lung cancer. The incidence of the disease is raised when the person there is exposure to as much as 20 to 30 fold in smokers of 20 or more cigarettes each day. Moreover, varying exposure to smoking alternately leads to varying disease because of the clear relationship between smoking and lung cancer. This is because of the act of smoking which can lead to the introduction of numerous other diseases that are related apart fro smoking. However, there is association with the disease by smoking as indicated by the one of the major cause agents of lung cancer, smoking (United States, 78). Originally, smoking as a causal factor for lung cancer was bitterly contested. However, it has come to be accepted as a causal factor for the disease. Concerning lung cancer, the association is provable across social groups as well as men and women. The effect, lung cancer by smoking is partly understood since the tar in the cigarettes comprises vital carcinogens. Manipulating the exposure level does affect experience of the disease because lessening cigarette consumption reduces risk of the effect. Coaxing and encouraging individuals to take part in smoking is unethical since it increases the susceptibility to gaining lung cancer. Additionally, tobacco, which is one of the main ingredients in animals, is carcinogenic and can therefore affect human beings as well as animals negatively. Panno, Joseph. Stem Cell Research: Medical Applications and Ethical Controversy. New York, NY: Facts on File, 2005. Print. United States. How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: a Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General, 2010. Print.

Prison Mental Health Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prison Mental Health Services - Essay Example At mid-year 2005, more than half of all prison and jail inmates in the United States reported symptoms of a mental health problem within the last 12 months (James & Glaze, 2006).Among the state prison inmates nationwide, 43% reported symptoms that met criteria for mania, 23% reported symptoms of major depression, and 15% reported symptoms that met criteria for a psychotic disorder. (James & Glaze, 2006) Contributory factors to the higher prevalence rates of mental illness among individuals in prison include the criminalization of the mentally ill (Aderbigbe, 1977) and communication barriers between the criminal justice and mental health systems of care (Lamberti & Weisman, 2001). In addition, Satriano (2006) has described the social and contextual issues in the 1960's that were contributing factors to the imprisonment of seriously mentally ill persons, including deinstitutionalization of severely mentally ill persons in without adequate follow-up; rising levels of homelessness and substance abuse among mentally ill persons; and an anti-psychiatry movement led by Thomas Szasz and R. D. Lang who believed mental illness to be a myth and viewed psychosis to be a reactive response to a bad situation. Also, the criteria of dangerousness became necessary to involuntarily confine an individual, shifting the idea of commitment from a therapeutic concept to one that is protective of society. (Satriano, 2006) Most experts agree that the incarcerated population's mental health needs are grossly underprovided while they are incarcerated (Roskes et al., 1999). Mentally ill prisoners are more a risk for behavioral disturbances, acts of aggression, and disciplinary problems than non-mentally inmates (Rowen & Hayes, 1995). Untreated psychiatric symptoms are associated with assaults, self-injurious behavior, social withdrawal, and suicides within correctional facilities. (Hayes, 1995) The Supreme Court (Estelle vs. Gamble, 1976) established that it is unconstitutional under the eighth amendment to show indifference to the medical needs of prisoners. In Browning vs. Godwin (1977) it was determined that the right to medical treatment is not distinguishable from the right of mental health treatment. The American Psychiatric Association (2000) and the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (1999) recommend mental health screening at the time of prison intake. The efficacy of treatment for the disease of interest should be established before a standardized prison-based screening program is considered. Early treatment with psychotropic medication is critical to the successful treatment of patients with serious psychiatric disorders. In the disease of schizophrenia, for example, the recognition of early phase illness and vigorous treatment aimed at relapse prevention may improve long term prognosis (Keks, Mazumdar, & Shields, 2000). Specifically, early intervention with antipsychotic medications decreases the long term morbidity of schizophrenia (Wyatt, Damiani, & Henter, 1998) and leads to a 2.5 to 10-fold reduction in relapse rates among those given maintenance treatment with anti-psychotic medication (Davis, 1985). Other studies have shown that detection, treatment and symptom control improves rehabilitation outcomes and self-efficacy